Factors Which Affect Language Learning and Language Learning
Process
Factors Which Affect Language Learning and Language Learning
Process
Saptawulan Hening Nariswariatmojo
https://theauzty.wordpress.com
PGRI Adi Buana University (Surabaya, Indonesia)
This paper aims at emphasizing the importance of factors which affect language learning and language
learning process. It summarizes the introduction of language learning, explain the factor which affect
language learning process. And it also takes into account the teacher’s role in language learning process.
Introduction
There are many reasons to learn English as a foreign language, from working in another country to
discovering your roots, through intellectual curiosity, romance, travel, and secret communication. Now, you
start thinking about how you’re going to study it. Finding time to study a language can be quite a challenge.
You may think that you don’t really have enough of it, but it’s surprising how many spare moments you have
during a typical day, and how they can add up to a useful amount of study time. After all, you will think about
the materials and tools do you need to study a language. In parallel to this new shift of interest, what factor
which affect language learning process, and the teacher’s role in language learning process.
Factor Which Affect Language Learning Process
There are many factors that affect the language learning process, in here we will classify in two factor. That
is internal factors and external factors.
& Internal Factors
In this case we will talk about physical, psychology, and exhaustion.
1) Physical
a) Healthy
Learning process can goes well with good healthy. Healthy is someone in good condition. If someone want
to learn well, he/she must try to keep his body in good condition such as, can share his time to get rest, eat,
relaxation, pray, and sport.
b) Physical Defect
Someone in physical defect must try harder then others. For them, they can choose a special school with
special rolls.
c) Gender
Females reported greater overall strategy use than males in many studies (although sometimes males
surpassed females in the use of a particular strategy).
2) Psychology
a) Intelligence
The ability to meet and adapt to novel situations quickly and effectively.
The ability to utilize abstract concepts effectively.
The ability to grasp relationship and to learn quickly.
The great intelligence give more progress to the learning process.
b) Attention
Attention is concentration (mental focus, serious consideration). To get the good mark in the subject, the
student must pay attention at the lesson, if he/she bored he probably will fail in that lesson.
c) Interest
Interest is persisting tendency to pay attention to and enjoy some activity or content. If the lesson doesn’t
interesting to the student, the student can’t learn well.
d) Aptitude
Aptitude is the capacity to learn. Everyone have different aptitude. So, its time for us to use that aptitude
maximally for our best. The good way is to use the aptitude by study and practice as much as we can do.
e) Motive
Motive is an effective-conative factor which operates in determining the direction of an individual’s behavior
to words an end or goal, consiously apprehended or unconsioustly. The teacher must have good motive to
get attention from the students. More motivated students tended to use more strategies than less
motivated students, and the particular reason for studying the language (motivational orientation, especially
as related to career field) was important in the choice of strategies.
3) Exhaustion
Exhaustion can happen in physic and psychology. Psychology exhaustion’s can be seen like bored, or loose
motivation, etc. In Physic’s like restless, lost of energy, etc. All of that can give bad impact to the student.
Psychological and Physical exhaustion can make disappear by sleep, get some rest, give the variation in
study, relaxation, pray, get some sport or call the psychiatry.
& External Factors
In external factors can be difference into three groups, like : family factor, school factor and social factor.
1) Family factors
a) The way of parent’s educate
The way that parent’s educate give the big influence to their children. Because family is the first and
prominent educator.
b) Relations between each family
Relations between each family means relations between parent and their children, children with their brother
and sister, etc. If in that family have harmonious relations will created a success students.
c) The House’s Atmosphere
The best atmosphere is quite and peaceful. In that situations children will stand at home, also make children
study well at home.
d) Family’s Economic
Children must get the basic requirements such as foods, clothes, books, chair, table and many other things.
All of that requirement can get if his/her family have enough money.
e) Parent’s Understanding
Sometimes their children lost of interest in their subject, in that moment the parent must give them support.
f) Cultural Background
Rote memorization and other forms of memorization were more prevalent among some Asian students than
among students from other cultural backgrounds. Certain other cultures also appeared to encourage this
strategy among learners.
2) School Factors
a) Teaching Method
Teachers must have training relevant to their own instructional situations in three areas: identifying
students’ current learning strategies through surveys, interviews, or other means; helping individual students
discern which strategies are most relevant to their learning styles, tasks, and goals; and aiding students in
developing orchestrated strategy use rather than a scattered approach.
b) Curriculum
Students of different ages and stages of language learning used different strategies, with certain strategies
often being employed by older or more advanced students.
c) Learning Style
Learning style (general approach to language learning) often determined the choice of English learning
strategies. For example, analytic-style students preferred strategies such as contrastive analysis, rulelearning,
and dissecting words and phrases, while global students used strategies to find meaning
(guessing, scanning, predicting) and to converse without knowing all the words (paraphrasing, gesturing).
d) The Relations between Students and Teacher
Teaching learning process happened between teacher and students. The teacher must cooperative in
his/her class.
Building upon a foundation of integrity, teaching as an ethical profession requires the interaction of six
essential behaviors:
Caring
Setting high standards
Providing intellectually challenging learning experiences
Organizing and managing classes to facilitate learning
Student centered
Reflecting
e) The Relations between Each Student
Create good relations between each other is necessary because it can give positive influence to their study.
f) Discipline
Discipline at school not only for the teacher and the students, but also for every bodies in that area. All of
person at school must obeyed the rule. If nobody never break the rules the situation will always under
control.
g) Schedule
Good management in time will give positive impact for teaching-learning process.
h) The School’s Building
The size of school is equals with the students.
i) Type of Task
The nature of the task helped determine the strategies naturally employed to carry out the task.
j) Attitudes and Beliefs
These were reported to have a profound effect on the strategies learners choose, with negative attitudes
and beliefs often causing poor strategy use or lack of orchestration of strategies.
k) Tolerance of Ambiguity
Students who were more tolerant of ambiguity used significantly different learning strategies in some
instances than did students who were less tolerant of ambiguity.
3) Social Factor
a) Students Activity in Their Society
We need to limit their society, so that didn’t disturb their study. We can choose the activity that increase their
study, like course, group discussion, etc.
b) Mass Media
The example of mass media are movie theater, radio, television, newspaper, magazine, etc. We need to give
wise guidance and control from parents and educators, in family, school and society.
c) Companionship
Influences from friends will more faster come in their mind. The students make relation with the good
friends. It will give him positive impact better than negative ones.
d) Social Interaction
Social interaction also give the impact to their study. Many kinds of people around them. They need to
choose the right one.
The Teacher’s Role in Language Learning Process
I think that school is a place where one goes to learn but I also believe that there should be times where fun
is a necessity. That is why I think that a teacher should also have fun with the students. Kids learn faster
when they feel attracted to an exciting lesson. Teachers must not forget that kids get born fast that is why
creative lessons must be plane ahead.
The teacher must create a warm and protective environment but at the same time professional. If students
feel secure in the classroom the result will be shown in the academic progress. A good star could be a
mutual trust with each student. Teaches have the responsibility to know his/her students in the classroom.
Each day, the teachers show one of their attitudes that the students are unaware. Also, the students do the
same in order for the teacher to get to know them, too. This is a good exercise to do because it benefits the
whole class to break the ice. The first days most of the students are afraid of the teacher because they do
not know how is the teacher’s personality. It will change until the point that the teacher and students
discover to have common hobbies with each other.
The teacher needs to show respect toward the students so the students also respect the teacher. Teacher
must not forget the s/he teaches to different students who brings different students who brings different
traditions and customs because the students come from different backgrounds. “One of the keys that is
useful for teachers is to understand and accept the way students are acting.”
The following is a list of suggested activities which when presented may facilitate development during the
student/teaching experience.
Ä Initial Activities :
1) Handle classroom routines such as attendance, dismissal and perhaps lunch distribution.
2) Assume teacher’s duties – conduct assembly, clubs and other co-curricular activities.
3) Check students’ written work and keep necessary records, such as progress report, assignments and
projects and mark them.
4) Keep students’ in a healthy environment and thus keep them safe.
ü Organizational Activities
1. Keep a notebook or idea file; include minute fill-in ideas such as games, songs, stories, sources of
information and materials, ideas for learning centers, bulletin boards, etc.
2. Make direct observations of classroom activities.
3. Plan a design for a classroom.
4. Become responsible for the general appearance of the classroom. (Cleanliness, arrangement of
charts, etc.).
5. Prepare bulletin boards.
6. Develop a repertoire of techniques for class management or handling individual behavior problems.
(Punishment, Time out, etc.).
7. Create an individual behavior management.
Conclusion
Factor Which Affect Language Learning Process, such as internal and external factors facilitate the learning
of the target language by the language learner. All language learners, needless to say, fulfill factors which
affect language learning process. Since the factors like physical, psychology, exhaustion, family factors,
school factors, social factor, etc. Affect the way in which language learners learn the target language, it is
reasonable to support all language learners must fulfill all that factors to become successful learners.
Another is successful learning centers require good classroom management and well known rules and
procedures. A productive learning environment will take time to implement. The teacher may have to call the
whole class together regularly in the beginning to ensure that all rules and expectations are being adhered
to. Remember, think big but start small. Introduce a couple of centers per week. Finally, one of the most
important thinks is never an individual endeavor, and neither is teaching. Although teachers can feel quite
isolated into their classroom, it is important to remember that openness, collaboration an sharing are the
keys to enrich your teaching and your students’ learning. It is I call the Teaching English for Foreign
Language Community Triangle:
Fellow School Teachers
(subject/content or grade level teachers
and other EFL teachers at your school)
Fellow TEFL Society
(professional organizations, special
teachers education courses/group
discussion, mass media, social
interactions)
English Speaking Community
(learners, parents who speak English well, student EFL teachers from the university, high school
students, etc)
References
Ä Effendi, Rachmat. 2005. To Be An Effective English Teacher Within Two Days. Jakarta:Yayasan Bina
Edukasi dan Konsultasi
Ä Slameto. 1995. Belajar dan Faktor-faktor yang mempengaurhinya, Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Ä Isjoni. 2007. Pembelajaran Terkni, Cetakan Pertama. Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar.
Ä http://www.omniglot.com/language/which.htm
Ä http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Shiben_Raina
Process
Factors Which Affect Language Learning and Language Learning
Process
Saptawulan Hening Nariswariatmojo
https://theauzty.wordpress.com
PGRI Adi Buana University (Surabaya, Indonesia)
This paper aims at emphasizing the importance of factors which affect language learning and language
learning process. It summarizes the introduction of language learning, explain the factor which affect
language learning process. And it also takes into account the teacher’s role in language learning process.
Introduction
There are many reasons to learn English as a foreign language, from working in another country to
discovering your roots, through intellectual curiosity, romance, travel, and secret communication. Now, you
start thinking about how you’re going to study it. Finding time to study a language can be quite a challenge.
You may think that you don’t really have enough of it, but it’s surprising how many spare moments you have
during a typical day, and how they can add up to a useful amount of study time. After all, you will think about
the materials and tools do you need to study a language. In parallel to this new shift of interest, what factor
which affect language learning process, and the teacher’s role in language learning process.
Factor Which Affect Language Learning Process
There are many factors that affect the language learning process, in here we will classify in two factor. That
is internal factors and external factors.
& Internal Factors
In this case we will talk about physical, psychology, and exhaustion.
1) Physical
a) Healthy
Learning process can goes well with good healthy. Healthy is someone in good condition. If someone want
to learn well, he/she must try to keep his body in good condition such as, can share his time to get rest, eat,
relaxation, pray, and sport.
b) Physical Defect
Someone in physical defect must try harder then others. For them, they can choose a special school with
special rolls.
c) Gender
Females reported greater overall strategy use than males in many studies (although sometimes males
surpassed females in the use of a particular strategy).
2) Psychology
a) Intelligence
The ability to meet and adapt to novel situations quickly and effectively.
The ability to utilize abstract concepts effectively.
The ability to grasp relationship and to learn quickly.
The great intelligence give more progress to the learning process.
b) Attention
Attention is concentration (mental focus, serious consideration). To get the good mark in the subject, the
student must pay attention at the lesson, if he/she bored he probably will fail in that lesson.
c) Interest
Interest is persisting tendency to pay attention to and enjoy some activity or content. If the lesson doesn’t
interesting to the student, the student can’t learn well.
d) Aptitude
Aptitude is the capacity to learn. Everyone have different aptitude. So, its time for us to use that aptitude
maximally for our best. The good way is to use the aptitude by study and practice as much as we can do.
e) Motive
Motive is an effective-conative factor which operates in determining the direction of an individual’s behavior
to words an end or goal, consiously apprehended or unconsioustly. The teacher must have good motive to
get attention from the students. More motivated students tended to use more strategies than less
motivated students, and the particular reason for studying the language (motivational orientation, especially
as related to career field) was important in the choice of strategies.
3) Exhaustion
Exhaustion can happen in physic and psychology. Psychology exhaustion’s can be seen like bored, or loose
motivation, etc. In Physic’s like restless, lost of energy, etc. All of that can give bad impact to the student.
Psychological and Physical exhaustion can make disappear by sleep, get some rest, give the variation in
study, relaxation, pray, get some sport or call the psychiatry.
& External Factors
In external factors can be difference into three groups, like : family factor, school factor and social factor.
1) Family factors
a) The way of parent’s educate
The way that parent’s educate give the big influence to their children. Because family is the first and
prominent educator.
b) Relations between each family
Relations between each family means relations between parent and their children, children with their brother
and sister, etc. If in that family have harmonious relations will created a success students.
c) The House’s Atmosphere
The best atmosphere is quite and peaceful. In that situations children will stand at home, also make children
study well at home.
d) Family’s Economic
Children must get the basic requirements such as foods, clothes, books, chair, table and many other things.
All of that requirement can get if his/her family have enough money.
e) Parent’s Understanding
Sometimes their children lost of interest in their subject, in that moment the parent must give them support.
f) Cultural Background
Rote memorization and other forms of memorization were more prevalent among some Asian students than
among students from other cultural backgrounds. Certain other cultures also appeared to encourage this
strategy among learners.
2) School Factors
a) Teaching Method
Teachers must have training relevant to their own instructional situations in three areas: identifying
students’ current learning strategies through surveys, interviews, or other means; helping individual students
discern which strategies are most relevant to their learning styles, tasks, and goals; and aiding students in
developing orchestrated strategy use rather than a scattered approach.
b) Curriculum
Students of different ages and stages of language learning used different strategies, with certain strategies
often being employed by older or more advanced students.
c) Learning Style
Learning style (general approach to language learning) often determined the choice of English learning
strategies. For example, analytic-style students preferred strategies such as contrastive analysis, rulelearning,
and dissecting words and phrases, while global students used strategies to find meaning
(guessing, scanning, predicting) and to converse without knowing all the words (paraphrasing, gesturing).
d) The Relations between Students and Teacher
Teaching learning process happened between teacher and students. The teacher must cooperative in
his/her class.
Building upon a foundation of integrity, teaching as an ethical profession requires the interaction of six
essential behaviors:
Caring
Setting high standards
Providing intellectually challenging learning experiences
Organizing and managing classes to facilitate learning
Student centered
Reflecting
e) The Relations between Each Student
Create good relations between each other is necessary because it can give positive influence to their study.
f) Discipline
Discipline at school not only for the teacher and the students, but also for every bodies in that area. All of
person at school must obeyed the rule. If nobody never break the rules the situation will always under
control.
g) Schedule
Good management in time will give positive impact for teaching-learning process.
h) The School’s Building
The size of school is equals with the students.
i) Type of Task
The nature of the task helped determine the strategies naturally employed to carry out the task.
j) Attitudes and Beliefs
These were reported to have a profound effect on the strategies learners choose, with negative attitudes
and beliefs often causing poor strategy use or lack of orchestration of strategies.
k) Tolerance of Ambiguity
Students who were more tolerant of ambiguity used significantly different learning strategies in some
instances than did students who were less tolerant of ambiguity.
3) Social Factor
a) Students Activity in Their Society
We need to limit their society, so that didn’t disturb their study. We can choose the activity that increase their
study, like course, group discussion, etc.
b) Mass Media
The example of mass media are movie theater, radio, television, newspaper, magazine, etc. We need to give
wise guidance and control from parents and educators, in family, school and society.
c) Companionship
Influences from friends will more faster come in their mind. The students make relation with the good
friends. It will give him positive impact better than negative ones.
d) Social Interaction
Social interaction also give the impact to their study. Many kinds of people around them. They need to
choose the right one.
The Teacher’s Role in Language Learning Process
I think that school is a place where one goes to learn but I also believe that there should be times where fun
is a necessity. That is why I think that a teacher should also have fun with the students. Kids learn faster
when they feel attracted to an exciting lesson. Teachers must not forget that kids get born fast that is why
creative lessons must be plane ahead.
The teacher must create a warm and protective environment but at the same time professional. If students
feel secure in the classroom the result will be shown in the academic progress. A good star could be a
mutual trust with each student. Teaches have the responsibility to know his/her students in the classroom.
Each day, the teachers show one of their attitudes that the students are unaware. Also, the students do the
same in order for the teacher to get to know them, too. This is a good exercise to do because it benefits the
whole class to break the ice. The first days most of the students are afraid of the teacher because they do
not know how is the teacher’s personality. It will change until the point that the teacher and students
discover to have common hobbies with each other.
The teacher needs to show respect toward the students so the students also respect the teacher. Teacher
must not forget the s/he teaches to different students who brings different students who brings different
traditions and customs because the students come from different backgrounds. “One of the keys that is
useful for teachers is to understand and accept the way students are acting.”
The following is a list of suggested activities which when presented may facilitate development during the
student/teaching experience.
Ä Initial Activities :
1) Handle classroom routines such as attendance, dismissal and perhaps lunch distribution.
2) Assume teacher’s duties – conduct assembly, clubs and other co-curricular activities.
3) Check students’ written work and keep necessary records, such as progress report, assignments and
projects and mark them.
4) Keep students’ in a healthy environment and thus keep them safe.
ü Organizational Activities
1. Keep a notebook or idea file; include minute fill-in ideas such as games, songs, stories, sources of
information and materials, ideas for learning centers, bulletin boards, etc.
2. Make direct observations of classroom activities.
3. Plan a design for a classroom.
4. Become responsible for the general appearance of the classroom. (Cleanliness, arrangement of
charts, etc.).
5. Prepare bulletin boards.
6. Develop a repertoire of techniques for class management or handling individual behavior problems.
(Punishment, Time out, etc.).
7. Create an individual behavior management.
Conclusion
Factor Which Affect Language Learning Process, such as internal and external factors facilitate the learning
of the target language by the language learner. All language learners, needless to say, fulfill factors which
affect language learning process. Since the factors like physical, psychology, exhaustion, family factors,
school factors, social factor, etc. Affect the way in which language learners learn the target language, it is
reasonable to support all language learners must fulfill all that factors to become successful learners.
Another is successful learning centers require good classroom management and well known rules and
procedures. A productive learning environment will take time to implement. The teacher may have to call the
whole class together regularly in the beginning to ensure that all rules and expectations are being adhered
to. Remember, think big but start small. Introduce a couple of centers per week. Finally, one of the most
important thinks is never an individual endeavor, and neither is teaching. Although teachers can feel quite
isolated into their classroom, it is important to remember that openness, collaboration an sharing are the
keys to enrich your teaching and your students’ learning. It is I call the Teaching English for Foreign
Language Community Triangle:
Fellow School Teachers
(subject/content or grade level teachers
and other EFL teachers at your school)
Fellow TEFL Society
(professional organizations, special
teachers education courses/group
discussion, mass media, social
interactions)
English Speaking Community
(learners, parents who speak English well, student EFL teachers from the university, high school
students, etc)
References
Ä Effendi, Rachmat. 2005. To Be An Effective English Teacher Within Two Days. Jakarta:Yayasan Bina
Edukasi dan Konsultasi
Ä Slameto. 1995. Belajar dan Faktor-faktor yang mempengaurhinya, Edisi Revisi. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Ä Isjoni. 2007. Pembelajaran Terkni, Cetakan Pertama. Yogyakarta:Pustaka Pelajar.
Ä http://www.omniglot.com/language/which.htm
Ä http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Shiben_Raina
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