Planning for Instruction: Benefits and Obstacles of Collaboration
By Valeri Helterbran.
Published by The Learner Collection
| Format | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| Article: Print | $US10.00 | |
| Article: Electronic | $US5.00 |
Planning for instruction is a foundational element of good teaching. It makes learning purposeful and provides a framework from which goal development and the implementation and assessment of instruction can be cultivated and refined. Planning as a solitary activity remains the norm. Planning collaboratively, while not a new concept, remains elusive in large measure despite the knowledge that engaging in the planning process with others can powerfully influence teaching. The field of education supports a professional culture often characterized by individual planning, a poorly recorded instructional legacy, and inadequate scaffolding to support planning functions. These elements conspire to impede the practice of collaborative planning. Recognizing and understanding these barriers is an important first step toward eliminating or circumventing them. In working toward a more collaborative model of planning, this paper discusses the planning function, the necessity for instructional planning, the benefits of planning with others, and identifying obstacles which interfere with the collaborative process.
Smart Board is an interactive whiteboard developed by SMART Technologies that combines the capabilities of a data projector and a white board. Use the SMART Board to create interactive presentations or during meetings to add notes or make changes to your document.
1. SMART Board Resources The Smart Tech website has additional information and helpful resources available: http://smarttech.com/us
The SMART Notebook Software also has built in tutorials. To access the tutorial: 1. Open SMART Notebook software 2. Select Help on the Toolbar 3. Click Tutorial
SMART Tech also offers free live online training sessions including a Getting Started and Advanced SMART Notebook Software sessions. Register for this free training on their site:
http://smarttech.com/HomePage/Resources/Training/LiveOnlineTraining
2. How to Use SMART Board as a Projector and Whiteboard
To use the SMART Board data projector and white board functionality, connect your laptop to the video and USB cables. The Smart Board will automatically power on when your laptop is turned on. The light, located at the bottom right of the board, will turn green if everything is hooked up correctly.
The SMART Board will automatically power off once the laptop has been disconnected.
The SMART Board functions can be operated directly on the board with the special pen, your hand or from your laptop.
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I. Smartboard Tool Bar If you don’t have SMART Notebook installed on your laptop you can still use the Smartboard Tool Bar. The toolbar tab will appear on the left hand side of both the laptop screen and on the Smartboard once your laptop has been connected and powered on. This tool bar offers basic Smartboard features such as: Use of either red or black colored pens Eraser Enable/Disable right click on screen On screen keyboard Undo
To use any of these features, click the double right arrows using the pen provided. The toolbar will now appear, select any of the options using the pen or your mouse.
II. Saving your notes
SMART Board’s Ink Aware allows you to insert your notes and drawings into the current document. Ink Aware programs include Microsoft Word, Excel and PowerPoint.
To save the document when using an Ink Aware program:
1. Select File 2. Select Save 3. Name your file and click Save
To view a list of Ink Aware programs
1. Open SMART Notebook 2. Select Control Panel 3. Select Configure SMART Tools. 4. Click Ink Aware Program Settings. 5. The Aware window appears. 6. You can enable or disable Ink Aware for the programs. If a check mar appears in the Aware Enabled column, the program is Ink Aware
If a program is not Ink Aware, you are not able to directly save your notes or drawings. Instead a transparent layer appears over the current program allowing you to take a screen capture to insert into a new SMART Notebook file.
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III. Convert handwriting to text The Smartboard is able to convert your handwritten notes to text if you are using Ink Aware software.
To make notes: 1. Using the pen, select either the black or red ink pen from Tool bar 2. Write your message directly on the screen
To convert notes to text: 1. On the Aware Tools pop-up, Select the Insert as Text button 2. Your handwritten message will be converted to text
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3. Using SMART Notebook:
To take advantage of all the SMART Board features, build your presentations or take notes in your meeting using SMART Notebook. Contact your administrator to have SMART Notebook installed on your laptop and for installation instructions and a product key.
Open up Smart Notebook by: 1. Click on Windows Start Button 2. Choose All Programs 3. Click the SMART Technologies folder 4. Click the SMART Notebook folder 5. Choose SMART Notebook 10
I. Interface Open a New Notebook File to get started. The Notebook software has elements similar to both Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint. A formatting toolbar is located at the top of the page and there are expandable tabs down the right hand side. The middle of the document is the work area.
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II. Formatting Toolbar The formatting toolbar is located at the top of the SMART Notebook screen. The toolbar has the following icons:
The arrows are used to move page to page (backward & forward)
Add Page – Insert blank page
Open File – Open an existing file
Save – Save page
Paste – Paste copied object into file Undo – Undo the last action performed
Redo – Redo the action performed Delete – Delete selected object Show/Hide Screen Shade – Enables you to cover the screen and reveal it slowly
Full Screen – Displays the current page full screen
Transparent Background – View the desktop and other windows while still working with the SMART Notebook software
Dual/Single Page Display – Displays two pages side by side Screen Capture – Take a screen capture of any image and insert it onto a page in .notebook file
SMART Document Camera – Insert images from a SMART Documents Camera into a page
Insert Table – Inserts table on to the current page Select – Select object on page with mouse or finger
Pens – Draw a freehand object on the current page Creative Pens – Draw a freehand object on the current page with creative pen Eraser – Erases objects on the current page (3 choices of erasers from small to large) Lines – Draw lines (straight or arc) on the current page.
Shapes – Draw a shape on the current page
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Shape Recognition Pen – Draw a freehand object on the current page that SMART Notebook recognizes and converts into a rectangle, ellipse, triangle or arc.
Magic Pen – Create freehand objects that slowly fade, open a magnification window or open a spotlight window
Fill – Fill selected objects Text – Select font for text object
Properties – Display the Properties tab to change the selected objects properties
Measurement Tools – Ruler, Protractor or compass Move Toolbar – Move the SMART Notebook toolbar to the top or bottom of the interactive screen
Throughout the SMART Notebook software right click (or the drop down arrows) offer all the options available for that particular page, text or object.
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4. Work Area The work area displays the current page. Use the pen or keyboard to make notes, draw or insert objects in this area.
I. Convert Handwriting to Text Using SMART Notebook SMART Notebook is able to convert your handwritten notes to text.
To make notes: 1. Using the pen, Select the Pen button from the top tool bar 2. Choose the type of ink 3. Write your message directly on the screen
To convert notes to text: 1. Click on the Select button on the toolbar 2. Select the text to be converted and a dropdown box will appear 3. Choose Recognize “ your word” 4. Your handwritten message will be converted to text
II. Convert Hand Drawn Shapes to Objects The Shape Recognition Pen converts hand drawn shapes and lines into objects. This tool can be used to create diagrams.
To convert hand drawn shapes to objects: 1. Draw shape using pen 2. Click the Select button on the toolbar and select the shape to convert 3. Click the dropdown box and select Recognize Shape
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5. Page Sorter Tab When opening SMART Notebook, the Page Sorter Tab will open on default. Thumbnail views of the pages will appear on the left hand side of the page. The current page selected will appear in the work area. Note – If starting a new document, the work area will be blank and there will only be one blank page showing in the thumbnail view.
The current page will have a blue border and a drop down arrow in the top right hand corner in the thumbnail view. To move from page to page using the arrows in the tool bar or click on the thumbnail.
To add a new page: 1. Click Insert, Blank Page or 2. Press the Insert Blank Page button
I. Right Click and Drop Down Arrow Right Click or use the drop down arrow to access more options such as deleting, clearing or cloning a page.
II. Creating a Group of Pages SMART Notebook is able to group pages within the current file. This enables you to find a particular group quickly within the Page Sorter thumbnails and display its pages. This is useful when there are a large number of pages within a file.
To create or edit a group: 1. Select the Groups button in the Page Sorter 2. Click Edit Groups 3. Choose Add New Group button 4. Type the group name 5. To move a page into a group, drag and drop it into the group
Note – To change the order of the groups, click the group’s blue bar and drag and drop it in the appropriate place.
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6. Gallery Tab The Gallery Tab contains pictures, interactive and multimedia, notebook files and pages, backgrounds and themes.
To insert an object into the page: 1. Using the search function at the top of the page, type in the item you are looking for (eg. Dog) 2. A list of objects will appear. Once you have found the appropriate object, click on it. 3. A drop down arrow will appear on the top right hand side of the object 4. Choose Insert in Notebook from the list 5. The picture will now appear in the Work Area of the selected page
I. Cloning Objects To create duplicate object or create multiple copies on an object with Infinite Cloner command. It’s Copy/Paste function in one.
To clone an object: 1. Select the object 2. Click the down arrow and select Clone 3. A duplicate object appears
To clone an object using the Infinite Cloner: 1. Select the object 2. Click the down arrow and select Infinite Cloner 3. Select the object again. An infinity symbol appears 4. A duplicate object appears 5. Repeat step 3 to continue cloning
II. Layering Objects Have the ability to layer objects and text and change the order of the objects on a page. In SMART Notebook, the item added last to the page will appear on top.
To change the layer order: 1. Select the image or text 2. Click the drop down menu 3. Select Order and Bring to Front 4. The item selected will now appear on top of the other objects
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III. Grouping Ability to make multiple objects into one object
To group objects: 1. Using cursor, select all items to be grouped (draw large box over items) 2. Click the drop down menu to select Grouping 3. The items will now appear as one large item
7. Attachments Tab Add attachments from other software applications to your file.
To insert an attachment: 1. Select the Attachments Tab 2. Click the Insert button a. Insert Copy of File – Search for the file and select Open b. Insert Hyperlink – Fill in the website address and the name to display c. Insert Shortcut to File – Search for the file and select Open 3. The items now appear in the Attachments Tab
8. Properties Tab Format objects (including freehand objects), shapes, lines, text, and tables by using the Properties tab. Depending on the object selected, it is possible to change: The color, thickness and style of lines Transparency and fill effects of an object Font type, size and style of text The animation of objects The Properties tab will only display the options available for the selected object.
Aims and Objectives of Teaching English in India
B.W.Somatkar Asst. Professor Arts & Science Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Mehkar Dist: Buldhana.(M.S)
Please cite this Article as : , : Indian Streams Research Journal (June ; 2012) B.W.Somatkar AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN INDIA
Vol.1,Issue.V 2012 /June;
ISRJ (2),
English. These are the basic aims of teaching English. The teacher should keep in mind the aims of teaching English. The teacher should always emphasize on the aims of teaching of English. It will help to teach effectively. These aims are as : 1)To enable to listen English with proper understanding 2)To enable to speak English correctly. It means that producing sounds with the proper stress and intonation. 3)To enable the students to read English and comprehend and interpret the text. 4)To enable the students to write English correctly and meaningfully, i.e.for example writing letters, applications, description and accounts of day to day events. 5)To enable to acquire knowledge of the elements of English. 6)To enable to develop interest in English 7)To increase students ability to use planning, drafting and editing to improve their work. 8)To enable students to express themselves creatively and imaginatively. 9)To enable students to speak clearly and audibly in ways which take account of their listeners. 10)To enable students to become enthusiastic and reflective readers through contact with challenging and text level knowledge. DEFINITIONS OF OBJECTIVES An objectives is a desired goal that is trying to be accomplished. It is the main point of something or the main point that is being proved. According to the Dictionary of Education, objective is ,”the end towards which a school sponsored activity is directed”. Effective tangible changes in students behavior at the end of schooling is known as objective. Dr. S. R. Bloom has defined educational objective as,”the desired goal or outcome at which instruction is aimed” For example, if a teacher wants his students to improve speaking skill, the teacher will have to try his outmost level for speaking skill. Here the outcome desired or goal aimed at his improvement of speaking skil. In this way, a teacher can improve his other skills as writing skill, listening skill, reading skill and all that. After all, the teacher has to follow all his tactics for the improvement of his students. So the desired goal of improving speaking skill would be the objective of teaching. CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of good objectives are as follows1) It should be precise and specific. 2) It should be based on psychological principles. 3) It should be for the better improvement of the students. 4) It should be in terms of change expected in the student and not as duties of the teacher. 5) It should be for changing or modifying students behavior. OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH 1)Listening, reading, speaking and writing are the four important objectives. 2) Graphics should be practiced by the students at primary level. The student must be able to write the alphabets, keeping space between two words in a sentence and write sentences using appropriate punctuation marks and capital letters. 3)Writing is also equally important. The students should be able to write composition. 4)All the four skills i.e. Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking become important as the student grows, particularly reading and writing at the later stage. 5)Students should be able to read other books excluding textbooks i.e. novel, poetry, drama, essay writing, autobiography, précis-writing etc. L.A.C. Strong once proclaimed, “for us who speak English, English is everything… English is not a subject, English is our life”.In most of the schools in India, English is studied as a second language. Somewhere English is considered as a foreign language. English held the topmost position n India during British rule. Even after independence its importance still continues to be more or less the same. It is the medium of instruction in most of the universities in India. English is considered as the Lingua-Franca or vehicular language. Due to globalization, one has to know English language for international trade. In
Aims and Objectives of Teaching English in India Indian Streams Research Journal
Please cite this Article as : , : Indian Streams Research Journal (June ; 2012) B.W.Somatkar AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN INDIA
Vol.1,Issue.V 2012 /June;
ISRJ (3),
India its teaching learning in schools is inspired by one aim-the utilitarian aim. This aim can be achieved by acquiring practical command over English. A teacher should be a good planner and he should use innovative techniques and methods for teaching. `Thompson and Wyatt rightly remarked that it is necessary that the Indian students should not only understand English when it is spoken or written, but also he should himself be able to speak and write it. MAIN OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH There are two main Objectives of teaching English. They are as 1)Language development, and 2)Literary development These two objectives differ from each other as far as the class and age of students is concerned. FORE-FOLD OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH
ABILITIES TO BE DEVELOPED BY FOUR-FOLD OBJECTIVES: 1)To understand Spoken English :It includes recognition of English sounds without committing any errors. Also ability to point out meaning from what is heard. 2)Ability to speak English : It includes intonation and stress response in speech as reaction to hearing. 3)Ability to read English :4)It includes ability to read and understand various books reading like prose, poetry, drama, novel and so on. novel and so on. 5)Ability to write English :It includes ability to write guided composition followed by free composition. To select right words, to construct sentences. The most important objective is to have command over the language. It can be explained with the help of following diagram.
Indian Streams Research Journal
Objectives
Semantic related Phonetic deals with sound Graphic related Phonetic deals to understanding spelling and pronunciation to writing with reading
Command over language
Passive Command. Active Command
by understanding by reading by speaking by writing receptive process creative process
Aims and Objectives of Teaching English in India
Please cite this Article as : , : Indian Streams Research Journal (June ; 2012) B.W.Somatkar AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TEACHING ENGLISH IN INDIA
Vol.1,Issue.V 2012 /June;
ISRJ (4),
CONCLUSION : Some Indian people think that the students in our country should have only passive knowledge of English. Without proper aims and objectives we cannot make our efforts fruitful in English language teaching. Otherwise it will be of no avail. Proper aims and objectives help to evaluate students performance. All the four-fold objectives are as important as one. A. V. P. Elliott has rightly said, “the ability to speak and write English and the ability to read English should be regarded as of equal importance”. Champion's notion is , “all objectives should be regarded as of equal importance should be gift to each”. Objectives help us how a student should spell words correctly. Correct and proper objectives would not be taught by any teacher without knowing aims and objectives of teaching English. Hence aims and objectives plays an important role in teaching English language. REFERENCES : 1)David Crystal : English as a Global Language. 2)I. A. Khan : 'Teaching of English as a Second Language'. Vista International Publishing House, Delhi. 3)N. P. Ahuja : 'Teaching of English'. Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. 4)P. D. Pathak : 'Teaching of English in India. Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra-2 Thompson (ed): Directions in the Teaching of English, Cambridge,1969.
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